Becoming a Mechanical Engineer

Mechanical engineers work in a large variety of areas and specializations. They are educated to design, peruse, test and integrate mechanical devices or systems. It is not unusual to come across these specialists within the research and development department for healthcare and aviation industries.

Ambitious engineering students should very first reflect on their own personal attributes and if it properly fits the features needed to become an excellent engineer. To perform well in this particular discipline, an individual must have an innovative mind, problem-solving abilities, orientation to detail, and be knowledgeable in mathematical languages. In addition, mechanical engineers should also possess great communication skills as they deal with accurate measurements and practices on a daily basis.

If you believe you possess these types of qualities, then the next stage to your career is to complete the technical requirements. This is often tougher compared to the first step. However, this is the area where you actually discover everything you need to know and utilize later on in your occupation. The essential requirement for mechanical engineers is a 4-year program. Admissions for undergraduate courses in mechanical engineering requires pupils to have decent history in main topics including mathematics and sciences.

Many aspiring engineers in the U.S. can get this undergraduate program by enrolling in either a qualified full-time or part-time training program. Such programs generally require 4 to 5 years to accomplish. In order to be licensed, a mechanical engineering training need to satisfy particular quality specifications executed by the ABET or Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. This will guarantee that graduates from the program will attain the necessary level of proficiency in core fields of mechanical engineering.

To be an engineer, it's essential to take several other programs besides main engineering subjects. During the first 2 years of study, students will take opening programs in a selection of topics such as, but not limited to, social sciences, chemistry, and humanities. While you advance to your remaining 2 years of study, more advanced subjects including physics, advanced calculus and partial differential equations are going to be introduced. During this part of the program, students are going to be trained on subjects including heat transfer, fluid mechanics, vibrations, thermodynamics, and further on.

Subsequent to earning their degree, engineers will now be eligible to pick and specialize on particular entry-level mechanical engineer career opportunities. These could consist of technical sales, robotics, fabrication, etc. Once you've acquired the necessary certification in mechanical engineering, career advancement choices in diverse specializations are based upon technical background, work experience, and/or a license or degree for some specializations.

Engineers may prefer to progress in more than a single discipline to grow their work opportunities. To get such license, a mechanical engineer should have a specific level of work experience and should first finish an assortment of exams. The 1st test is Fundamentals of Engineering. Driven mechanical engineers and those who plan on applying for a license later on are encouraged to take this exam prior their graduation. After acceptable years of work experience is received, he/she will then have go through the Principle and Practice of Engineering exam to become legit.

Once you graduate from your bachelor's degree, you can also move forward in a specific fields through procurement of a postgraduate degree. Based upon the career route you have chosen, there are several master's and doctoral' s programs out there.

Restoring Kidney Function Naturally

Because the kidneys are such a vital organ within the human body, it is essential that people understand the way they work and strive to keep them functioning properly throughout their entire lives- if not for the sake of the kidneys themselves then for the sake of the individual's entire overall health and well-being.

Individuals should also comprehend the importance of his or her kidneys. But, in the case when he or she has already neglected them and they are no longer functioning properly, people must find ways that will help to restore kidney function naturally.

Basically, kidneys function is to remove any kinds of acid waste that can accumulate within the body's system. Where do these wastes come from? Well, there are numerous sources, some of which may appear to be much more obvious than others. For instance, smoking is known by many people to be harmful to the entire body- but it is also provides a major negative effect on the kidneys.

Another relatively simple reason for kidney dysfunction is a poor diet. consisting of highly processed foods as well as acidic sugary drinks of various sorts. These consumables might satisfy some taste buds, but they certainly do not satisfy the organ that is responsible for the filtering of the acids and toxins that these foods and beverages contain - the wonderful kidneys. It is for this reason that they should be avoided at all costs.

However, although that may prove a great aid in restoring kidney function naturally, other even more effective methods exist as well. These strategies come in the form of various different herbs taken to restore kidney function naturally within the body.

One such miracle solution is either celery seeds or parsley seeds. When blended into a simple tea form, they act as powerful diuretics that will wash away the toxins that tend to clog up a person's kidneys. With only a couple times a week's worth of consumption, an individual can be well on their way to restoring kidney function naturally.

Another form of restoring kidney function naturally could be in the form of cranberries. These delicious berries contain proanthocyanidins, which help to remove bacteria that can prove harmful for the kidneys. Dandelion is an excellent liver cleanser, which means it is also great for the kidneys. High in potassium and other valuable minerals, dandelion has amazing anti-inflammatory capabilities as well as being another splendid diuretic.

Marshmallow root is an optimal cleanser for the kidneys. (No, not the marshamallows you find in the candy store!). Marshmallow root flushes the kidneys free of acid waste and other toxins, therefore preventing the potential build up of kidney stones.

Another solution for finding methods to restore kidney function naturally can be corn silk, which reduces water retention as well as edema. This wonderful herb can be taken either within a capsule or in the form of tea.

Discover the scientifically proven, research-based KIDNEY FOCUSED DIET on how to immediately stop the progression of your kidney disease STARTING TODAY!

How to Light the Fire of Passion About Science

"Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire."

While this popular quote is often attributed to William Butler Yeats, it's actually much older than that, dating back to the ancient Roman philosopher Plutarch. Regardless of where it first originated, however, the sentiment of this quote aligns perfectly with how real people really learn information and particularly science, while accenting the problem of traditional curriculum. It highlights the difference between simply memorizing random facts and actually understanding the processes and concepts involved.

Filling the Pail

Want to know how not to incite learning passion? Simply use traditional textbooks which present dry, unrelated facts and ask your kids to memorize those facts. How likely is it that your child will be able to remember all those random facts? And how likely is it that he or she will be able to recall that information later, at will?

Not only is memorization difficult and largely ineffective, it creates boredom. It doesn't challenge students or excite them to learn more. It simply fills a child's neural "pail" and, over the short- and long-term, that pail tends to develop holes that allow preexisting knowledge to fall right through.

In this scenario, teachers are dispensers who mete out little bits of information, gradually filling the pail. They are not involved in helping students form connections but merely in continually pouring data into the receptacle of the student's mind and expecting that eventually it will stay put; eventually the pail will be filled to the brim.

Lighting the Fire of Learning That Never Ends

The truth is that people never stop learning. The pail should never - and absolutely will never - be completely full.

In order to develop a passion for education, it's important to change our teaching methodology based on how people really learn. Students of any age and any subject learn better when they are allowed to investigate topics. They need to make connections between new information and current knowledge, between academic data and real life in the world around them. In addition, hands-on learning through experimentation, is vital for cementing those connections.

This doesn't happen through random fact memorization. It does happen, however, if children are taught the processes and concepts behind science and other, typically more difficult subjects, such as math and technology. In this way of learning, students are presented with unique problems or situations and they have the ability to think through the answers and solutions. They don't have to refer back to their "pail" of knowledge, sifting through all the random facts filling it up. Rather, they are able to use their brain's neural pathways to devise a probable or even unique answer. This helps them get excited about learning; it lights the fire of their passion for knowledge.

In your homeschool studies, are you lighting a fire of passion about learning or are your kids merely being subjected to traditional classes that focus on rote memorization and random facts? Isn't it time you got them excited about learning subjects such as science? If you wish to incite a lifelong passion for learning, then it's time to change the curriculum you are using. Ditch the traditional and find textbooks and workbooks using a teaching methodology based on how real people really learn.

Interview and Interrogation - Is That Person Telling You the Truth?

Getting to the truth in a statement has baffled criminal investigators for centuries. Regardless if it's an accident or a homicide, the burden of proof falls upon the State.

Many top law enforcers generally agree that eye-witness testimony is suspect. They also agree that most people want to tell the truth. but in many cases, what you hear may not be exactly what occurred:

• The individual may be telling you what they believe you want to hear

• The memory of the individual may be faulty

• The individual is hiding some fact, including their involvement in the incident.

Grilling a suspect was a normal practice performed by often well-meaning investigators. And in countless cases, a subject was coerced into giving a full confession simply to end the ordeal of the interrogation.

With its Miranda and subsequent landmark rulings, the U.S. Supreme Court forced a better degree of law and order on investigative bodies. "You have a right to remain silent... " should be the first words uttered from the mouth of an investigator, once an interview turns into an interrogation.

Among the many so-called truth-detecting methods employed during interrogations is "body movement." The interrogator makes visual note of how the suspect comports himself physically. Is he/she nervous, uncomfortable, irritable, twitching and a host of other body movements were, at one time, thought to indicate deception. But current training models now tell us that body movement of a subject may be entirely normal when placed under the stress of an official law enforcement-conducted conversation. Some research indicates that depending upon body movement as a measure of truthfulness is a "coin toss," 50% of the time you may be right!

Over a decade or more, the technique of Statement Analysis is used much more often. Statement analysis is best defined as: A "statement validity assessment", "content analysis", "investigative discourse analysis", and "scientific content analysis." It is a technique proponents claim can be used to detect concealed information, missing information, and whether the information that person has provided is true or false. (Wikipedia)

Statement Analysis involves the actual linguistic methods (specific words or phrases) an individual uses to describe an incident or to establish an alibi. The subject may leave obvious gaps in the narrative, gaps that actually included his direct involvement. And the subject may embellish the narrative by adding useless, inappropriate and meaningless chatter.

Statement analysis also includes a written account of the incident, but the investigator will still look for the same tip offs as to the veracity of what the subject writes.

The memory of the subject will also influence the completeness of the statement. The individual may be perfectly honest but is having a problem recounting the events as they actually happen. This is where the investigator employs the now well-accepted technique of cognitive interviewing. This technique was first introduced to law enforcement by an instructor for the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). This technique has been used countless times when victims and survivors of serious accidents involving mass transit conveyances (aircraft, trains, buses, etc.) are questioned about the accident.

Cognitive interviewing involves coaxing recall using techniques such as having the individual describe his activities from the time he awoke until the time seconds before the accident. It also uses a form of transference like, "Imagine yourself as a fly on the wall. What can you see? What is being said?"

Getting to the truth is no one-step procedure. Law enforcement heralded the invention of the Lie Detector or Polygraph by a medical student in 1921 at UC, Berkeley, but U.S. courts now prohibit the introduction of polygraph evidence as being unreliable.

What Is So Intriguing About Light and Optic Technologies?

"Let there be light," one of the most powerful phrases in Genesis, indeed, light is an incredible thing, and the illumination that we see in the visual spectrum has helped provide abundance for humankind, and allowed for visual evolution of our bio system. Still, are we doing all with our light that we could, there is so much more that we can do, and so much more research and inquiry that is required to get there.

One scientific topic and area of research which completely fascinates me is optics. Indeed, it intrigues me, it's one of my favorite topics to contemplate, perhaps you have ideas in this area of science, and I too have many ideas on all that. I've noted in the Wall Street Journal that a few Spectral Imaging technology companies have filed bankruptcy, that's too bad, although I see IBM is investing $5 Billion in this research (holographic projection and computer chip communication) over the next 10-years, as per a press release.

When industry spends money on its own accord to bring forth new innovations you know there are commercial applications just waiting to enter the market, IBM is a very wise company, and they don't waste their money on endless and needless research. Back in 2007 I wrote an e-book on the future of holographic projection and spectral imagery. Since then it's amazing what has been done, and now you can actually get a science degree in the field. I have no doubt that very soon our mobile phone devices will have holographic projection.

On another front, I've also been fascinated with the MIT grad kids work with seeing 3-D images around corners. The implications are great for so many things, and yes military applications as well, beyond line of sight, radar system catching anomalies, etc.

One question that I keep asking myself is; do you think that anyone will ever be able to hack into line of sight light transmissions without detection or disrupting the signal? Is the answer to secured data transmission lines from satellites to base stations, and through the air using light waves the answer to preventing hackers, and also giving us the capacity to send an abundant amount of information in a very short amount of time? It could take care of all of our bandwidth issues, and it would be incredible.

Not only can we do large things, but they're doing small things as well. In fact IBM just the other day, on September 14, 2012 announced that they used laser light to image individual molecules as they form. These are all of game changing technologies, and they're coming at us at the speed of light. Please consider all this and think on it.

Expansion of the Universe

Gravitational repulsion, does this really exist?

Albert Einstein thought so.

Perhaps A. Einstein was correct and then again, perhaps not.

In this short text I will present to you, a different way of looking at the issue of the expansion of our universe.

Our universe consists of 

4% normal matter 

23% dark matter 

73% dark energy

I see the expansion of our universe as dark matter/energy (but from here on simple referred to as dm/e) multiplying in-between all the galaxies, and this way forcing all the galaxies apart from each other.

Since our universe very well could be limited within its own dimensions, the increase of dm/e would probably force the universe to expand within itself, pushing its matter further and further apart and expanding it like a borderless soap-bubble, instead of just adding to the "outer edges" and leaving the galaxies in fixed positions within.

The dm/e simply acts like a wedge, being forced between two fixed points (galaxies), and thus pry them apart. And since this is happening all over our universe, the effect would be a total expansion.

But how?

Consider a multiverse.

An infinite amount of universes, feeding each other an infinite amount of power, and this itself generating the expansion of the dm/e or perhaps better said, creating the mass and energy of the new dm/er.

Well, energy can not be created or destroyed, merely transformed?!

Indeed, but just as our universe has got its amount of energy to go around, so has the multiverse which we reside in. So energy are being transformed within the multiverse and focused on single universes.

The vibrations of every universe creates energy, just like the magnetic field around a moving rotor core creates electricity.

All universes which are set in their own different vibrational setting, effects its counterpart or counterparts. Since the multiverse is endless, this also gives us an endless possibility of more than two universes being connected.

Close by or endlessly far away.

Each universe acting like a rotor core, and the dm/e within its opposite universe, acting like the increasing amount of electricity being generated by the increasing vibration/rotation of the first said universe.

Each universe expanding for ever, just as its counterpart vibrates forever.

The dm/e itself will increase the vibrations of its own universe, and this way adding to the effect of expanding its counterpart even faster.

Two effects are in play in this process.

The natural vibration within the universe itself, and the acceleration of that vibration, created by the dm/e which itself is created and accelerated by the vibration from the opposite universe.

Perhaps you have had similar thoughts about something like this?

New Research Into Long-Necked Dinosaurs Identifies Potential Key to Their Success

Research Suggests Sauropod Eating Habits the Key to Their Success

The largest land animals ever to exist, the long-necked dinosaurs, otherwise know as the Sauropods, owed their success to the ability to grow big very quickly and to do this they needed to process what they ate very efficiently. A new European study into the likely feeding behaviours and growth rates of Sauropoda, the scientific name for the long-necked dinosaurs, concludes that during the Mesozoic, size really did matter.

Growing Big To Put Off Predators

A team of scientists believe that these animals grew huge to discourage predators, simply becoming to big for carnivorous dinosaurs to hunt effectively. The paper, to be published in the academic and highly respected journal "Science" examines the growth rates of Sauropods and postulates that these monstrous leviathans were warm-blooded. They would have needed high metabolic rates to sustain their rapid growth. Gigantism certainly has its advantages, for example African elephants have virtually no natural predators once they reach a certain size. Some of the members of a British led expedition to Kenya in the early part of the 20th Century recalled a story of a female elephant being attacked and killed by lions but this was an extremely rare occurrence and one that occurred in exceptional circumstances. Lions do attack elephants, especially at night where the carnivores eyesight is much more effective than the elephant's, but in virtually all cases, the attacks are on young animals.

The pride concerned in the Kenyan tale, was very big, consisting of approximately 20 lionesses and some other semi-mature animals. There had been a prolonged period of drought which had limited the game available and the elephant attacked and killed was an immature animal believed to be about 15 years old. The attack occurred at night when this young female elephant got separated from the herd after visiting one of the few remaining water holes in the area. Could this type of behaviour seen in predator/prey relationships today, reflect what occurred with the Dinosauria?

Pack Hunting Predators

It is probable that some carnivorous dinosaurs may have hunted in packs and large numbers of Giganotosaurs or Allosaurs would have been formidable adversaries quite capable of tackling an adult Sauropod had they attacked as a group. From the few trackways that have been preserved showing Sauropods moving in a herd, it seems that the smaller more vulnerable animals were to be found in the middle whilst the larger adults walked towards the outside of the group provided some protection for the younger animals.

Certainly, some of these herbivorous Sauropods grew into giants. Although scientists still debate the maximum size and weights of these animals estimates of 80 to 100 tonnes are not uncommon and some of the lighter Diplodocids could reach lengths in excess of 33 metres or more.

Successful Sauropods

The large bodies and long necks effectively gave these long-necked dinosaur a very efficient feeding platform, allowing them to strip the vegetation from surrounding cycads, tree ferns and horsetails with little movement of their large bodies, indeed it is thought that different species of Sauropod fed on different types of plant matter to limit competition between species. Brachiosaurs for example with their necks held high could browse on the tree tops, stripping away branches and leaves with their peg-like teeth literally combing the food into their mouths. In comparison, other Sauropods that shared the same habitat such as Apatosaurus probably fed on the understorey of vegetation.

Feeding Habits of Dinosaurs

Although the Sauropoda had weak, peg-like teeth, the majority of which were in the front of their mouths, they were very efficient feeders. Their huge simple stomachs were able to process huge amounts of vegetation. The stomach contained vast amounts of bacteria and this bacteria helped to break down the tough cellulose of the plants and the sturdy plant fibres. Studies of the cross-sections of Sauropod fossil bones indicate that these animals grew very quickly. A hatchling could grow from weighing less than two kilogrammes to being a hefty three hundred kilogrammes in its first year.